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Information Literacy: Choosing Sources

Information & Media Literacy - Navigation

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Media Literacy

Citing Sources     |     Evaluating Sources     |     Getting to FullText     |     How to Identify Peer-Reviewed Journals / Articles 

Available Resources

Scholarly sources are available in both print and electronic forms. Traditionally, scholarly sources were books, journal articles, and newspaper articles. Today websites, blogs, podcasts, or videos can be suitable, depending on the subject.

Learning Objectives

  • Defines various information sources
  • Utilizes appropriate information source(s) based on research topic or question

Source Currency

Above is a graphic showing sources based on how current their information is, going from least current to most current.

 Photo courtesy of Reference, Research, and Scholarly Services at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.  Based on chart from Information Literacy Tutorial: Module 2 at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Common Information Resources

Types of Information Sources

There are many different types of information sources that can be useful for your research.  The chart below lists some common information sources with examples of each to help you evaluate and select the best sources for your needs.

SOURCE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Newspapers

Typically content revolves around current events. The focus is geared toward the general public with articles written by journalists or freelance reporters

The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Financial Times

General Interest Magazines

Magazines usually cover current events and general interest subjects. Articles from magazines can help you generate ideas about issues, controversies, or unanswered questions about a topic, which you might want to explore further. They sometimes refer to studies or scholarly work that you can track down for more information.

Time, Newsweek, The Economist, Scientific American
Trade Publications

Trade publications are written by and for professionals within an industry. These are an excellent source of very specific information from inside the field.

Managed Care, Modern Healthcare, Medical Economics
Scholarly Journals

Scholarly journal articles go through a process of peer review before they are published. They are written by experts in the field and their purpose is to advance the ongoing body of work within the discipline. These articles might present original research data and findings, or take a position on a key question within the field. They can be difficult to read, because their intended audience is other experts and academics, but they are at the top of the line when it comes to authoritative information.

JAMA, NEJM, Annals of Internal Medicine, American Journal of Nursing, Nursing Management
Books & eBooks

Books cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction. For research purposes, you will probably be looking for books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis. Books usually provide in-depth and/or historical analysis of a subject.

Print books in the library, eBooks from library databases
Subscription Databases

Subscription databases provide a variety of information on many subjects. Some of the information you can obtain from databases includes: news and journal articles, datasets, analyst reports, dissertations and company financial data.  

ClinicalKey, CINAHL, Cochrane, EbscoHost, Ovid
Websites, Internet

The focus, content and authors of websites vary widely according to each individual site. Always evaluate website information carefully.

Government, company, consumer, university, non-profit organization, etc., websites, Wikipedia
Miscellaneous Documents

Documents is a broad category and can be found in a variety of places including the library, internet and databases that cover white papers, working papers, newsletters, etc. Documents may contain industry information, statistics, as well as potential insider information.

White papers, working papers, newsletters, dissertations, analyst reports, conference proceedings, etc...

 

Source: Adapted from Golden Gate University: http://ggu.libguides.com/research

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